Alone Coder's messages to Bruce Gordon about olympiad datings of 
Socrates Scholasticus

Please read all the text before any change in Regnal Chronologies. 
There is a number of undoubtful bugreports, but I wrote this text for 
a long time, following Socrates, and trusting his shifts, and only at 
the end I found that one of the datings denies one of these shifts.

I've found a candidate to be first source of your list - it is
IDATII EPISCOPI DESCRIPTIO CONSULUM EX QUO PRIMUM ORDINATI SUNT. 
Ex Codice ms. biblothecae collegii Parisiensis soc. Jesu. Annos ab 
Urbe condita Varronianos ad oram addidit Labbeus. 
(Patrologia Latina v.51)
http://hbar.phys.msu.ru/gorm/chrons/idatcons.htm

The same dates, the same skips. (Pseudo-)Idatius couldn't write right 
Christian dates because he lived in 5th century, before Dyonisius 
Exiguus. I think that numbers in this list are conjecture. This is 
confirmed by this fragment:
752 Octaviano XIII et Silano [Al. Silvano]. !!!His conss. natus est 
Christus die VIII kal. Jan. !!!
753 Lentulo et Pisone. 
(Aerae Christianae annos deinceps inscribemus margini quibus perpetua 
methodo additi anni 753 Urbis conditae annos exhibebunt.) 
1 C. Caesare et Lucio Paulo. 
Really, if Idatius thought that Christ was born in consulate 
"Octaviano XIII et Silano" then THIS consulate (not next to next 
consulate!) must be 1st a.d. in his list! Thus we see that numbers 
are conjecture, and we can trust only in order of consulates.

"Chronographus Anni 354" contains consulates till 354. It doesn't 
contradict Idatius. "Consularia Constantinopoliana ad A. 395" is in 
Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Auctorum Antiquissimorum, t. 9. I 
haven't access to this issue.

1. Council of Nicaea

Socrates:
This Synod was convened (as we have discovered from the notation of 
the date prefixed to the record of the Synod) in the consulate of 
Paulinus and Julian, on the 20th day of May, and in the 636th year 
from the reign of Alexander the Macedonian.

Regnal Chronologies:
325...Sextus Anicius Faustus Paulinus 276 
.........Publius Ceionius Julianus 

Calculation:
Death of Alexander = 323 bc = -322 (spring).
Council (also spring) = -322+635 = 313.
This may not be, because:
1. Socrates: "In Britain, however, Constantine was proclaimed 
emperor, instead of his father Constantius, who died in the first 
year of the two hundred and seventy-first Olympiad, on the 25th of 
July." (Ol 271.1 = 305/6, we don't know where Socrates starts year of 
Olympiad, probably in June - then 305, but traditional date is 306.)
2. Eusebius: "... which he had summoned at the famous Bithynian city. 
That indeed was a triumphal assembly, held in the !!!twentieth year 
of his reign!!!, an occasion of thanksgiving for victory over his 
enemies in the very city which bears the name of victory."

Conclusion:
Socrates uses non-typical date of death of Alexander the Great.
We don't know from what date the authors count the number of years of 
Constantine's reign. Evidently it's before the death of Constantius - 
compare 305/6 with the next citation of Socrates:

2. Death of Constantine

Socrates:
The Emperor Constantine lived sixty-five years, and !!!reigned 
thirty-one!!!. He died in the consulate /"SECOND consulate" in 
Russian translation/ of Felician and Tartan, on the twenty-second of 
May, in the second year of the 278th Olympiad.

Aurelius Victor (De Caesaribus):
Ita anno imperii !!!tricesimo secundoque!!!, cum totum orbem tredecim 
tenuisset, !!!sexaginta natus atque amplius duo!!!, in Persas 
tendens, a quis bellum erumpere occeperat, rure proximo Nicomediae — 
Achyronam vocant — excessit, cum id tetrum sidus regnis, quod 
crinitum vocant, portendisset.

Aurelius Victor (Epitome de Caesaribus):
Cumque liberis filioque fratris Delmatio Caesaribus confirmatis 
!!!tres et sexaginta!!! annos vixisset, ex quibus dimidios ita, ut 
tredecim solus imperaret, morbo consumptus est.

Eusebius (Life of Constantine):
HE completed the time of his reign in !!!two and thirty years, 
wanting a few months and days!!!, and his whole life extended to 
about twice that period.

Regnal Chronologies:
337...Flavius Felicianus 279 
.........Fabius Titianus 

Calculation:
Ol 278.2 = 334/5; if May then 335.

Conclusion:
Socrates agrees with Eusebius and Aurelius Victor in number of years 
of Constantine's reign (namely 31 odd).
"Second" consulate is problem.
Maybe Socrates and other ones start the reign of Constantine some 
before the death of Constantius; or maybe wrong Ol dating given.
In Constantine's age the sources contradict each other - for ex., one 
AureliusVictor gives two ages: 62 and 63.

3. Death of Constantine the Younger

Socrates:
NOT long after this the brother of the Emperor Constantius, 
Constantine the younger, who bore his father's name, having invaded 
those parts of the empire which were under the government of his 
younger brother Constans, engaging in a conflict with his brother's 
soldiery, was slain by them. This took place under the consulship of 
Acindynus and Proclus. 

Regnal Chronologies:
340... --- Acindynus 
.........Lucius Aradius Valentinianus Proculus 

Conclusion:
OK

4. Synod at Antioch

Socrates:
This Synod assembled at Antioch in presence of the emperor 
Constantius in the consulate of Marcellus and Probinus, which was the 
fifth year after the death of Constantine, father of the Augusti.

Regnal Chronologies:
341...Antonius Marcellinus 280 
.........Petronius Probinus 

Calculation:
5th after 337 is 341/2.

Conclusion:
OK if Constantine died in 337. Elsewise this consulate must be 339.

5. Murder of Hermogenes

Socrates:
And when Hermogenes persisted in his efforts to drive out Paul by 
means of his military force, the people became exasperated as is 
usual in such cases; and making a desperate attack upon him, they set 
his house on fire, and after dragging through the city, they at last 
put him to death. This took place in the consulate of the two 
Augusti,--that is to say, the third consulship,--Constantius, and the 
second of Constans: at which time Constans, having subdued the 
Franks, compelled them to enter into a treaty of peace with the 
Romans.

Regnal Chronologies:
342...Flavius Julius Constantius Junior (Imp. 324-361) [3] 
.........Flavius Julius Constans (Imp. 337-350) [2] 

Conclusion:
OK if Constantine died in 337. Elsewise this consulate must be 340.

6. Council at Sardica

Socrates:
it was the eleventh year after the death of the father of the two 
Augusti, during the consulship of Rufinus and Eusebius, that the 
Synod of Sardica met.

Regnal Chronologies:
347... --- Rufinus 
......... --- Eusebius 

Conslusion:
OK if Constantine died in 337. Elsewise this consulate must be 349.

7. Reign of Constans

His second son Constantius, who bore his grandfather's name, he 
constituted Caesar in the eastern division, when the second decade 
had been completed. And Constans, the youngest, he invested with a 
similar dignity, in the !!!thirtieth!!! year of his own reign. 
<...>
Affairs having reached this pass, there sprang up a tyrant in the 
western parts called Magnentius, who by treachery slew Constans, the 
emperor of the western division of the empire, at that time residing 
in the Gauls. This being done, a furious civil war arose, and 
Magnentius made himself master of all Italy, reduced Africa and Libya 
under his power, and even obtained possession of the Gauls.
<...>
The conflux of these disastrous events occurred during a short space 
of time; for they happened in the !!!fourth year after the council at 
Sardica!!!, during the consulate of Sergius and Nigrinian. When these 
circumstances were published, the entire sovereignty of the empire 
seemed to devolve on Constantius alone, who, being accordingly 
proclaimed in the East sole Autocrat, made the most vigorous 
preparations against the usurpers.
<...>
After the Death of Constans, the Western Emperor, Paul and Athanasius 
are again ejected from their Sees: the Former on his Way into Exile 
is slain; but the Latter escapes by Flight. 
The conflux of these disastrous events occurred during a short space 
of time; for they happened in the fourth year after the council at 
Sardica, during the consulate of Sergius and Nigrinian.

Regnal Chronologies:
350... --- Sergius 
......... --- Nigrinianus 
    * Constans (Caesar - West)..................333-337
  * Constans (Augustus - Middle to 340, then West).337-350

Calculation:
4th after 347 is 350/1.
Socrates dating: Constantine died 335, reigned 31 odd, so 30th is 
332/3.
RC dating: Constantine died 337, reigned 31 odd, so 30th is 334/5.

Conclusion:
There's conflict: 334/5 vs 333.

8. Deposing of Photinus

Socrates:
Of the Western bishops there were present Valens of Mursa, and the 
then celebrated Hosius of Cordova in Spain, who attended much against 
his will. These met at Sirmium, after the consulate of Sergius and 
Nigrinian, !!!in which year no consul celebrated the customary 
inaugural solemnities!!!, in consequence of the tumults of war; and 
having met and found that Photinus held the heresy of Sabellius the 
Libyan, and Paul of Samosata, they immediately deposed him.

Regnal Chronologies:
351...(in Gallia) Magnus Magnentius (usurper 350-353) 
.........Gaiso

Conslusion:
Insoluble contradiction. There's no such without-consul year in 
Regnal Chronologies.

9. Suicide of Magnetius

Socrates:
Magnentius, having reached this city, first slew his own mother; then 
having killed his brother also, whom he had created Caesar, he at 
last committed suicide by falling on his own sword. This happened in 
the !!!sixth!!! consulate of Constantius, and the !!!second!!! of 
Constantius Gallus, on the fifteenth day of August.

Regnal Chronologies:
351...(in Gallia) Magnus Magnentius (usurper 350-353) 
.........Gaiso 
352...Decentius 
.........Paullus 
353...Flavius Julius Constantius Junior (Imp. 324-361) [5] 283 
.........Flavius Julius Constantius Gallus (Imp. 350-354) [3] 
354...Flavius Julius Constantius Junior (Imp. 324-361) [6] 
.........Flavius Julius Constantius Gallus (Imp. 350-354) [4] 

***Idatius:
352 (Aer. Hisp. 390.) Constantio V et Constantio Caes. 
353 Constantio VI et Constantio II. His conss. Magnentius se 
interfecit in Galliis apud Lugdunum die III id. Aug., et Decentius 
frater Magnentii laqueo se suspendit XV kal. Septemb. 
354 Constantio VII et Constantino [Al. Constantio Gallo] III. His 
conss. occisus est Constantius Caesar in insula Flanona. 

Conslusion:
Contradiction. Regnal Chronologies don't contain sixth consulate of 
Constantius within years of Magnentius. Sixth consulate of 
Constantius Jr, which is given by Regnal Chronologies, is not second 
consulate of Constantius Gallus.

10. Murder of Gallus

Socrates:
But not long after he created Julian, the brother of Gallus, Caesar, 
and sent him against the barbarians in Gaul. It was in the seventh 
consulate of the emperor Constantius that Gallus, who was surnamed 
Constantius, was slain, when he himself was a third time consul: and 
Julian was created Caesar on the 6th of November in the following 
year, when Arbetion and Lollian were consuls

Regnal Chronologies:
354...Flavius Julius Constantius Junior (Imp. 324-361) [6] 
.........Flavius Julius Constantius Gallus (Imp. 350-354) [4] 
355...Flavius Arbitio 
.........Flavius Lollianus 

***Idatius:
354 Constantio VII et Constantino [Al. Constantio Gallo] III. His 
conss. occisus est Constantius Caesar in insula Flanona. 

Conslusion:
Contradiction. [6][4] instead of [7][3].

11. Creed of Sirmium

Socrates (quoting this Creed):
The Catholic Faith was expounded at Sirmium in presence of our lord 
Constantius, in the consulate of the most illustrious Flavius 
Eusebius, and Hypatius, on the twenty-third of May. 

Regnal Chronologies:
359...Flavius Eusebius 
.........Flavius Hypatius 

Conslusion:
OK

12. Council at Seleucia

Socrates:
It was at first determined that the bishops should assemble at 
Nicomedia in Bithynia; but a great earthquake having nearly destroyed 
that city, prevented their being convened there. This happened in the 
consulate of Tatian and Cerealis, on the 28th day of August. They 
were therefore planning to transfer the council to the neighboring 
city of Nicaea: but this plan was again altered, as it seemed more 
convenient to meet at Tarsus in Cilicia. Being dissatisfied with this 
arrangement also, they at last assembled themselves at Seleucia, 
surnamed Aspera, a city of Isauria. This took place in the same year 
[in which the council of Ariminum was held], under the consulate of 
Eusebius and Hypatius

Regnal Chronologies:
358... --- Datianus 
.........Neratius Cerealis 
359...Flavius Eusebius 
.........Flavius Hypatius 

Conslusion:
OK (why "D"?)

13. Eudoxius the bishop of Constantinople

Socrates:
Eudoxius having been constituted bishop of the imperial city, the 
great church named Sophia was at that time consecrated, in the tenth 
consulate of Constantius, and the third of Julian Caesar, on the 15th 
day of February.
<...> /long after/
Eudoxius the bishop of the Arian church who has been in possession of 
the seat of the Constantinopolitan church for nineteen years, died 
soon after the emperor's departure from that city, in the third 
consulate of Valentinian and Valens.

Regnal Chronologies:
360...Flavius Julius Constantius Junior (Imp. 324-361) [9] 
.........Flavius Claudius Julianus Apostata (Imp. 361-363) [3] 
370...Flavius Valens (Imp. 364-378) [3] 
.........Flavius Valentinianus I (Imp. 364-375) [3] 
  * Eudoxius...........................................360-370

**Idatius:
360 Constantino X et Juliano III. His conss. dedicatum est 
Constantinopoli Dominicum die XV kal. Martias. 

Conclusion:
Contradiction. [9][3] instead of [10][3].

14. Acacian Synod at Antioch

Socrates:
The Acacians meanwhile became extremely anxious that another Synod 
should be convened at Antioch, in consequence of having changed their 
mind respecting their former assertion of the likeness 'in all 
things' of the Son to the Father. A small number of them therefore 
assembled in the following consulate which was that of Taurus and 
Florentius, at Antioch in Syria, where the emperor was at that time 
residing, Euzoius being bishop.

Regnal Chronologies:
361...Flavius Taurus 285 
.........Flavius Florentius 
* Euzoius............................................360-376

Conclusion:
OK

15. Reign of Constantius

Socrates:
His second son Constantius, who bore his grandfather's name, he 
constituted Caesar in the eastern division, when the second decade 
had been completed.
<...> /long after/
On arriving at the frontiers of Cappadocia and Cilicia, his excessive 
agitation of mind produced apoplexy, which terminated his life at 
Mopsucrene, in the consulate of Taurus and Florentius, on the 3d of 
November. This was in the first year of the 285th Olympiad. 
Constantius had lived forty-five years, having reigned thirty-eight 
years; !!!thirteen!!! of which he was his father's colleague in the 
empire, and after his father's death for twenty-five years [sole 
emperor]

Regnal Chronologies:
361...Flavius Taurus 285 
.........Flavius Florentius 

Calculation:
Ol 285.1 = 361/2; if November then 361.
Co-reign = 31 odd - 20 odd = 11+-1 years;
Sole (not "sole" by fact - this is wrong conjecture) reign (from May 
335 - death of Constantine by Socrates) = 26 years, 5 months.
the same in January years: 335 till 361 incl. = 27, 
incl.beg.,excl.end = 26. (However the beginning may be included to 13 
co-reign years (13+25=38), therefore excl. = 25.)
the same in September years: 334/5 till 361/2 incl. = 28, 
incl.beg.,excl.end = 27. (However etc... excl. = 26.)
the same in March/vernal-equinox years: 335/6 till 361/2 incl. = 27, 
incl.beg.,excl.end = 26. (Excl. = 25.)
Sole reign (from death of Constantine by Regnal Chronologies and 
others) = 24 years, 5 months.
the same in January years: 335 till 361 incl. = 25, 
incl.beg.,excl.end = 24. (Excl. = 23.)
the same in September years: 334/5 till 361/2 incl. = 26, 
incl.beg.,excl.end = 25. (Excl. = 24.)
the same in March/vernal-equinox years: 335/6 till 361/2 incl. = 25, 
incl.beg.,excl.end = 24. (Excl. = 23.)

Conclusion:
Socrates (335) is right only if years are January or March years (see 
#16), and if middle year is included to co-reign.
RC (337) is right only if middle year is included to "sole" reign, 
but "thirteen" denies that.

16. Death of Julian

Socrates:
THE Emperor Constantius died on the frontiers of Cilicia on the 3d of 
November, during the consulate of Taurus and Florentius; Julian 
leaving the western parts of the empire about the 11th of December 
following, under the same consulate, came to Constantinople, where he 
was proclaimed emperor.
<...>
Thus Julian ended his life in Persia, as we have said, in his fourth 
consulate, which he bore with Sallust his colleague. This event 
occurred on the 26th of June, in the !!!third year of his reign!!!, 
and the seventh from his having been created Caesar by Constantius, 
he being at that time in the thirty-first year of his age. 

Regnal Chronologies:
363...Flavius Claudius Julianus Apostata (Imp. 361-363) [4] 
.........Flavius Sallustius 

Calculation:
11.Dec.361 to 26.Jun.363 = 1 year, 6 months.
the same in January years: 361 till 363 incl. = 3.
the same in September years: 361/2 till 362/3 incl. = 2.
the same in March/vernal-equinox years: 361/2 till 363/4 incl. = 3.

Conclusion:
No conflict, but only January or March years may be used.

17. Death of Jovian

Socrates:
Proceeding thence directly to Constantinople, he arrived at a place 
named Dadastana, situated on the frontiers of Galatia and Bithynia. 
There Themistius the philosopher, with others of the senatorial 
order, met him, and pronounced the consular oration before him, which 
he afterwards recited before the people at Constantinople. And indeed 
the Roman empire, blest with so excellent a sovereign, would 
doubtless have flourished exceedingly, as it is likely that both the 
civil and ecclesiastical departments would have been happily 
administered, had not his sudden death bereft the state of so eminent 
a personage. For disease caused by some obstruction, having attacked 
him at the place above mentioned during the winter season, he died 
there on the 17th day of February, in his own and his son Varronian's 
consulate, in the thirty-third year of his age, after having reigned 
seven months. 

Regnal Chronologies:
364...Flavius Jovianus (Imp. 363-364) 
.........Flavius Varronianus Joviani 

Conclusion:
OK

18. Usurper Procopius

Socrates:
WHILE Valens was thus occupied in Syria, there arose a usurper at 
Constantinople named Procopius; who having collected a large body of 
troops in a very short time, meditated an expedition against the 
emperor. This intelligence created extreme solicitude in the 
emperor's mind and checked for a while the persecution he had 
commenced against all who dared to differ from him in opinion. And 
while the commotions of a civil war were painfully anticipated, an 
earthquake occurred which did much damage to many cities. The sea 
also changed its accustomed boundaries, and overflowed to such an 
extent in some places, that vessels might sail where roads had 
previously existed; and it retired so much from other places, that 
the ground became dry. These events happened in the first consulate 
of the two emperors. 
<...> /after #19/
Under the consulate of Gratian and Dagalaifus in the following year, 
the war was begun. For as soon as the usurper Procopius, leaving 
Constantinople, began his march at the head of his army toward the 
emperor, Valens hastened from Antioch, and came to an engagement with 
him near a city of Phrygia, called Nacolia. In the first encounter he 
was defeated; but soon after he took Procopius alive, through the 
treachery of Agilo and Gomarius, two of his generals, whom he 
subjected to the most extraordinary punishments. The traitors he 
caused to be executed by being sawn asunder, disregarding the oaths 
he had sworn to them. Two trees standing near each other being 
forcibly bowed down, one of the usurper's legs was fastened to each 
of them, after which the trees being suddenly permitted to recover 
their erect position, by their rise rent the tyrant into two parts; 
and thus torn apart the usurper perished.
<...> /after #19/
We may here remark that the war against the usurper Procopius was 
terminated about the end of May, in the consulate of Gratian and 
Dagalaifus.

Regnal Chronologies:
365...Flavius Valens (Imp. 364-378) [1] 286 
.........Flavius Valentinianus I (Imp. 364-375) [1] 
366...Flavius Gratianus (Imp. 375-383) [1] 
.........Dagalaifus

Conclusion:
Regnal Chronologies missed usurper Procopius (365-May 366, as we 
see). (Erlikhman missed too.)

19. Concil at Lampsacus

Socrates:
Now those who had been empowered by the emperor to hold a council 
assembled at Lampsacus in the consulate just mentioned /OF TWO 
EMPERORS/: this was seven years after the council of Seleucia /359 
RC/.

Regnal Chronologies:
365...Flavius Valens (Imp. 364-378) [1] 286 
.........Flavius Valentinianus I (Imp. 364-375) [1] 

Calculation:
359+7=366.

Conclusion:
This place in Socrates must be "in the seventh year after", as in 
Russian translation.

20. Hail and earthquake

Socrates:
On the 2d of June of the following year, in the consulate of Lupicin 
and Jovian, there fell at Constantinople hail of such a size as would 
fill a maws hand. Many affirmed that this hail had fallen as a 
consequence of the Divine displeasure, because of the emperor's 
having banished several persons engaged in the sacred ministry, 
those, that is to say, who refused to communicate with Eudoxius. 
During the same consulate, on the 24th of August, the emperor 
Valentinian proclaimed his son Gratian Augustus. In the next year, 
when Valentinian and Valens were a second time consuls, there 
happened on the 11th of October, an earthquake in Bithynia which 
destroyed the city of Nicaea on the eleventh day of October. This was 
about twelve years after Nicomedia had been visited by a similar 
catastrophe. Soon afterwards the largest portion of Germa in the 
Hellespont was reduced to ruins by another earthquake. 

Regnal Chronologies:
367...Flavius Lupicinus 
.........Flavius Jovinus 
368...Flavius Valens (Imp. 364-378) [2] 
.........Flavius Valentinianus I (Imp. 364-375) [2] 

Conclusion:
This Jovinus was Jovianus?

21. Athanasius of Alexandria

Socrates:
After the Synod /OF NICAEA/, on the Death of Alexander, Athanasius is 
constituted Bishop of Alexandria.
<...> /long after/
But Athanasius, after being engaged in so many and such severe 
conflicts on behalf of the church, departed this life in the second 
consulate of Gratian and Probus, having governed that church amidst 
the greatest perils forty-six years.

Regnal Chronologies:
371...Flavius Gratianus (Imp. 375-383) [2] 
.........Sextus Anicius Petronius Probus 
  * St. Athanasius I...................................328-373

Conclusion:
Contradiction. If this consulate is 371 then Athanasius must be 
325/6-371. Encarta and Lortz give 328-373, while Erlikhman and 
Krivushin give 326-2.May.373.

22. Consul St. Ambrose

Socrates:
In this state of things the governor of the province /MEDIOLANUM/, 
Ambrose by name, who was also of consular dignity, dreading some 
catastrophe from the popular excitement, ran into the church in order 
to quell the disturbance.

Regnal Chronologies:
?

Conclusion:
Must be consul Ambrose, maybe between Gratianus&Probus (see up) and 
Gratianus&Equitius (see down). But maybe 'consular dignity' means ex-
consul (there's no consul Ambrose anywhere in RC).

23. Reign of Valentinian

Socrates:
THE Emperor Jovian having died, as we have said, at Dadastana, in his 
own consulate and that of Varronian his son on the 17th of February, 
the army leaving Galatia arrived at Nicaea in Bithynia in seven days' 
march, and there unanimously proclaimed Valentinian emperor, on the 
25th of February, in the same consulate. 
<...> /long after/
The violence of his manner and utterance of these words was so great, 
that all his veins were opened by the effort, and all the arteries 
ruptured; and from the quantity of blood which thereupon gushed forth 
he died. This occurred at Bergition Castle, after Gratian's third 
consulate in conjunction with Equitius, on the seventeenth day of 
November, Valentinian having lived fifty-four years and reigned 
!!!thirteen!!!.

Regnal Chronologies:
364...Flavius Jovianus (Imp. 363-364) 
.........Flavius Varronianus Joviani 
374...Flavius Gratianus (Imp. 375-383) [3] 
.........Gaius Equitius Valens 
375...Flavius Valentinianus I (Imp. 364-375) [5] 
.........Flavius Gratianus (Imp. 375-383) [4] 

Idatius:
375 Post conss. Gratiani III et Aequitii /NO CONSULS THAT YEAR!/

Calculation:
25.Feb.364 till 17.Nov.375 = 11 years, almost 9 months.
the same in January years: 364 till 375 incl. = 12. (Excl. end = 11)
the same in September years: 363/4 till 375/6 incl. = 13.
the same in March/vernal-equinox years: 363/4 till 375/6 incl. = 13.

Conclusion:
If September or March years then OK (in #16 were January or March 
years). I suppose January years and consulate of Gratianus&Equitius 
not 374, but 376 (see #25).

24. Death of Euzoius

Socrates:
At the same time Euzoius, bishop of the Arians at Antioch, departed 
this life, in the fifth consulate of Valens, and the first of 
Valentinian the younger; and Dorotheus was appointed in his place. 

Regnal Chronologies:
376...Flavius Valens (Imp. 364-378) [5] 
.........Flavius Valentinianus II (Imp. 383-392) [1] 
* Euzoius............................................360-376

Conclusion:
OK if consulate of Gratianus&Equitius is 375. Elsewise this 376 must 
be 378.

25. Reign of Valens

Socrates:
THE Emperor Jovian having died, as we have said, at Dadastana, in his 
own consulate and that of Varronian his son on the 17th of February, 
the army leaving Galatia arrived at Nicaea in Bithynia in seven days' 
march, and there unanimously proclaimed Valentinian emperor, on the 
25th of February, in the same consulate. He was a Pannonian by race, 
a native of the city of Cibalis, and being entrusted with a military 
command, had displayed great skill in tactics. He was moreover 
endowed with such greatness of mind, that he always appeared superior 
to any degree of honor he might have attained. As soon as they had 
created him emperor, he proceeded forthwith to Constantinople; and 
thirty days after his own possession of the imperial dignity, he made 
his brother Valens his colleague in the empire.
<...> /long after/
The Emperor Valens arrived at Constantinople on the 30th of May, in 
the sixth year of his own consulate, and the second of Valentinian 
the Younger
<...>
Having at that place again engaged the enemy, who had by this time 
rallied, he lost his life on the 9th of August, under the consulate 
just mentioned, and in the fourth year of the 289th Olympiad. Some 
have asserted that he was burnt to death in a village whither he had 
retired, which the barbarians assaulted and set on fire. But others 
affirm that having put off his imperial robe he ran into the midst of 
the main body of infantry; and that when the cavalry revolted and 
refused to engage, the infantry were surrounded by the barbarians, 
and completely destroyed in a body. Among these it is said the 
emperor fell, but could not be distinguished, in consequence of his 
not having on his imperial habit. He died in the fiftieth year of his 
age, having reigned in conjunction with his brother !!!thirteen!!! 
years, and !!!three!!! years after the death of the brother. This 
book therefore contains [the course of events during] the space of 
sixteen years.

Regnal Chronologies:
376...Flavius Valens (Imp. 364-378) [5] 
.........Flavius Valentinianus II (Imp. 383-392) [1] 
378...Flavius Valens (Imp. 364-378) [5] 
.........Flavius Valentinianus II (Imp. 383-392) [2] 

Calculation:
25.Feb.364 + 30 days = 27.Mar.364.
Ol 289.4 = 380/1; if August then 380.
Co-reign: 27.Mar.364 till 17.Nov.375 = 11 years, almost 8 months.
the same in January years: 364 till 375 incl. = 12.
the same in September years: 363/4 till 375/6 incl. = 13.
the same in March/vernal-equinox years: 364/5 till 375/6 incl. = 12.
Sole reign: 17.Nov.375 till 9.Aug.380 = 4 years, almost 9 months.
the same in January years: 375 till 380 incl. = 6, incl.beg.,excl.end 
= 5. (Excl. = 4.)
the same in September years: 375/6 till 379/80 incl. = 5, 
incl.beg.,excl.end = 4. (Excl. = 3.).
the same in March/vernal-equinox years: 375/6 till 380/1 incl. = 6, 
incl.beg.,excl.end = 5. (Excl. = 4.).
If 378 then Jan/Mar years, and inclusive count, but in this case one 
year will be counted twice.

Conclusion:
There's misprint in 378. Must be [6].
If Socrates is right there then this consulate is actually 380, and 
years are September years, and years of sole reign are again 
exclusive (see #15, but in #15 the years were January or March 
years). If 375 is actually 376 then years are January or March years 
(as in ##15, 16), and we use the same count as in #15. But see #23: 
375 must be 377; the best explanation is that word "thirteen" is 
copied from the reign of Valentinian (excl. end, as everywhere), and 
middle year goes to sole reign (13+3=16, as written).

26. Council of 150 bishops at Constantinople

Socrates:
Accordingly they were assembled in the month of May, under the 
consulate of Eucharius /EUCHERIUS in Russian translation/ and 
!!!Evagrius!!!, and the emperor used his utmost exertions, in 
conjunction with the bishops who entertained similar sentiments to 
his own, to bring over Eleusius and his adherents to his own side. 
They were reminded of the deputation they had sent by Eustathius to 
Liberius then bishop of Rome

Idatius:
381 Syagrio et Eucherio

Regnal Chronologies:
381...Flavius !!!Syagrius!!! 290 
.........Flavius Eucherius 

Conclusion:
Crazy corruption of name Evargius or of name Syagrius. Both words 
exist in Greek: Eyagros and Syagros.

27. Baptism of Theodosius; Arians were driven out of Constantinople

Socrates:
the emperor was most gladly baptized by the bishop Ascholius; and 
having recovered from his disease not many days after, he came to 
Constantinople on the twenty-fourth of November, in the fifth 
consulate of Gratian, and the first of his own
<...>
Thus the Arians, after having been in possession of the churches for 
forty years, were in consequence of their opposition to the peace 
proposed by the emperor Theodosius, driven out of the city, in 
Gratian's fifth consulate, and the first of Theodosius Angustus, on 
the 26th of November. The adherents of the 'homoousian' faith in this 
manner regained possession of the churches. 

Regnal Chronologies:
380...Flavius Gratianus (Imp. 375-383) [6] 
.........Flavius Theodosius I (Imp. 379-395) [1] 

Conclusion:
Contradiction: [6][1] instead of [5][1]. This is because of fake 
consulate of 375. See Idatius:
375 Post conss. Gratiani III et Aequitii
376 Valente Aug. V et Valentiniano juniore Augusto
377 Gratiano !!!IV!!! et Merobaude.
378 Valente VI et Valentiniano II
379 Ausonio et Olybrio
380 Gratiano Aug. !!!V!!! et Theodosio Aug

28. Reign of Gratian

Socrates:
During the same consulate /of Lupicin and Jovian/, on the 24th of 
August, the emperor Valentinian proclaimed his son Gratian Augustus. 
<...>
 In Italy, Valentinian being still a minor, !!!Probus, a man of 
consular dignity!!!, had the chief administration of affairs, and was 
at that time prefect of the Praetorium. /<- THIS SENCENCE IS ABSENT 
IN RUSSIAN TRANSLATION/ Justina, the mother of the young prince, who 
entertained Arian sentiments, as long as her husband lived had been 
unable to molest the Homoousians; but going to Milan while her son 
was still young, she manifested great hostility to Ambrose the 
bishop, and commanded that he should be banished. While the people 
from their excessive attachment to Ambrose, were offering resistance 
to those who were charged with taking him into exile, intelligence 
was brought that Gratian had been assassinated by the treachery of 
the usurper Maximus. In fact Andragathius, a general under Maximus, 
having concealed himself in a litter resembling a couch, which was 
carried by mules, ordered his guards to spread a report before him 
that the litter contained the Emperor Gratian's wife. They met the 
emperor near the city of Lyons in France just as he had crossed the 
river: who believing it to be his wife, and not suspecting any 
treachery, fell into the hands of his enemy as a blind man into the 
ditch; for Andragathius, suddenly springing forth from the litter, 
slew him. Gratian thus perished in the consulate of Merogaudes and 
Saturninus, in the twenty-fourth year of his age, and the 
!!!fifteenth!!! of his reign. When this happened the Empress 
Justina's indignation against Ambrose was repressed. Afterwards 
Valentinian most unwillingly, but constrained by the necessity of the 
time, admitted Maximus as his colleague in the empire.

Regnal Chronologies:
367...Flavius Lupicinus 
.........Flavius Jovinus 
371...Flavius Gratianus (Imp. 375-383) [2] 
.........Sextus Anicius Petronius Probus 
379...Decimus Magnus Ausonius 
.........Quintus Clodius Hermogenianus Olybrius 
380...Flavius Gratianus (Imp. 375-383) [6] 
.........Flavius Theodosius I (Imp. 379-395) [1] 
381...Flavius Syagrius 290 
.........Flavius Eucherius 
382...Antonius 
.........Afranius Syagrius 
383...Flavius Merobaudes [2] 
.........Flavius Saturninus 

Calculation:
24.Aug.367 till 383 = 16 years (if January/March years, then 17th 
year).
361 is good by Ol dating. 365&366 are good if 358&359 are good. First 
year to shift is 367. Shift is proven by Ol dating 380 (RC 378). 
After 378/80 Socrates lists consulates 379/81, 380/82, 381/83, 383. 
There we see the problem: 383 MUST be after consulate 381/83, but it 
MUST be 383 too. If it is 384 then Gratian died in the 16th (not 
written 15th) year of his reign.

Conclusion:
This is error by Socrates. Only method to explain Socrates is to 
exchange some consulates. This is impossible, because Idatius doesn't 
skip any of consulates in this range of years.

29. Death of Athanaric

Socrates:
In fact by a special dispensation of Divine Providence the barbarous 
nations were reduced to subjection under him: and among others, 
Athanaric king of the Goths made a voluntary surrender of himself to 
him, with all his people, and died soon after at Constantinople. At 
this juncture the emperor proclaimed his son Arcadius Augustus, on 
the sixteenth of January, in the second consulate of Merobaudes and 
Saturnilus.

Regnal Chronologies:
383...Flavius Merobaudes [2] 
.........Flavius Saturninus 
  * Ariaric with...
  * Aoric
  * Geberic
  * Hermanerich...................................... -376
  * To the Huns....................................376-453
    * Vinithar
    * Hunimund
    * Thorismund
    * Valamar

Erlikhman:
T(Th?)erv(w?)ings - ancesors of Balts.
Kings of union of Gothic tribes 250-350.
1. Ariarich (c. 180 - 200).
2. Aorich, son (c. 200 - 220).
3. Nidala, son (c. 220 - 50).
4. Ovida (Kniva), son (c. 250 - 80).
5. H(G?)elderich, son (c. 280 - 310).
6. Giberich, son (c. 310 - 50).
7. Athanarich, son (c. 350 - 81, formal king of Goths since 376) 
assassinated
8. Fritigern, brother (fact. 376 - 80) assassinated
9. Alarich I, son 7 (381 - 411, since 401 king of Visigoths in 
Italy).

Conclusion:
RC don't contain Athanaric.
Date 381 (Erlikhman) contradicts consuls list (or the list 
contradicts Erlikhman, or Socrates is wrong - but what is the right 
source then?).

30. Death of Timothy bishop of Alexandria.

Socrates:
in the consulate of !!!Richomelius!!! and Clearchus. Under the same 
consulate, and a little previously, Agelius bishop of the Novatians 
died. In the year following, wherein Arcadius Augustus bore his first 
consulate in conjunction with !!!Baudon!!!, Timothy bishop of 
Alexandria died, and was succeeded in the episcopate by Theophilus. 
About a year after this, Demophilus the Arian prelate having departed 
this life, the Arians sent for Marinus a leader of their own heresy 
out of Thrace, to whom they entrusted the bishopric: but Marinus did 
not long occupy that position, for under him that sect was divided 
into two parties, as we shall hereafter explain; for they invited 
Dotatheus to come to them from Antioch in Syria, and constituted him 
their bishop.

Idatius:
385 Arcadio Aug. et Bautone

Regnal Chronologies:
384...Flavius !!!Ricomer!!! 
.........Flavius Clearchus 
385...Flavius Arcadius (Imp. Orient. 395-408) [1] 291; Theodosius 
prohibits ritual sacrifice in Pagan temples. 
.........!!!Banto!!! 
  * Timothy I..........................................380-385

Conslusion:
The names of consuls somewhat differ.
I couldn't find the source of statement: "Theodosius prohibits ritual 
sacrifice in Pagan temples".

31. The Arians excite a Tumult at Constantinople

Socrates:
Then the Arians, who had been excessively exasperated by those being 
put in possession of the churches within the city who had previously 
been the objects of their persecution, began to augment these rumors 
by additions of their own. But since the currency of such stories 
with increasing exaggeration, in time made even the farmers 
themselves believe them -- for those who had circulated them from 
hearsay, affirmed to the authors of these falsehoods, that the 
accounts they had received from them had been fully corroborated 
elsewhere; then indeed the Arians were emboldened to commit acts of 
violence, and among other outrages, to set fire to the house of 
Nectarius the bishop. This was done in the second consulate of 
Theodosius Augustus, which he bore with Cynegius. 

Regnal Chronologies:
388...Flavius Theodosius I (Imp. 379-395) [2] 
.........Cynegius 

Conclusion:
OK

32. Death of usurper Maximus

Socrates:
As the emperor marched against the usurper the intelligence of the 
formidable preparations made by him so alarmed the troops under 
Maximus, that instead of fighting for him, they delivered him bound 
to the emperor, who caused him to be put to death, on the twenty-
seventh of August, under the same consulate /of Theodosius Augustus, 
which he bore with Cynegius/. 

Regnal Chronologies:
388...Flavius Theodosius I (Imp. 379-395) [2] 
.........Cynegius 
  * Magnus Maximus (see also Gaul, Iberia).........383-388

Conclusion:
OK

33. Theodosius beats the prostitution in Rome

Socrates:
Thus did the emperor Theodosius free the city from two of its most 
discreditable abuses: and when he had arranged all other affairs to 
his satisfaction, he left the emperor Valentinian at Rome, and rammed 
himself with his son Honorius to Constantinople, and entered that 
city of the 10th of November, in the consulate of Tatian and 
Symmachus. 

Regnal Chronologies:
391...Tatianus 
.........Quintus Aurelius Symmachus 

Conclusion:
OK

34. Reign of Valentinian II

Socrates:
Soon after the conclusion of this war, and under the same consulate 
/of Gratian and Dagalaifus/, a son was born to Valentinian, the 
emperor in the Western parts, to whom the same name as his father's 
was given.
<...>
This occurred at Bergition Castle, after Gratian's third consulate in 
conjunction with Equitius, on the seventeenth day of November, 
Valentinian having lived fifty-four years and reigned thirteen. Upon 
the decease of Valentinian, six days after his death the army in 
Italy proclaimed his son Valentinian, then a young child, emperor, at 
Acincum, a city of Italy. When this was announced to the other two 
emperors, they were displeased, not because the brother of the one 
and the nephew of the other had been declared emperor, but because 
the military presumed to proclaim him without consulting them, whom 
they themselves wished to have proclaimed. They both, however, 
ratified the transaction, and thus was Valentinian the younger seated 
on his father's throne.
<...>
These two therefore agreed to murder the Emperor Valentinian, having 
corrupted the eunuchs of the imperial bed-chamber. These, on 
receiving tempting promises of promotion, strangled the emperor in 
his sleep. Eugenius immediately assuming the supreme authority in the 
Western parts of the empire, conducted himself in such a manner as 
might be expected from a usurper. When the Emperor Theodosius was 
made acquainted with these things, he was exceedingly distressed, 
because his defeat of Maximus had only prepared the way for fresh 
troubles. He accordingly assembled his military forces, and having 
proclaimed his son Honorius Augustus, on the 10th of January, in his 
own third consulate a which he bore with Abundantius, he again set 
out in great haste toward the Western parts, leaving both his sons 
invested with imperial authority at Constantinople.

Regnal Chronologies:
366...Flavius Gratianus (Imp. 375-383) [1] 
.........Dagalaifus 
374...Flavius Gratianus (Imp. 375-383) [3] 
.........Gaius Equitius Valens 
393...Flavius Theodosius I (Imp. 379-395) [3] 293; Theodosius 
prohibits the Olympic Games. 
.........Abundantius 
  * Valentinian II (Central)..............383-387,388-392

Conclusion:
OK

35. Murder of usurper Eugenius

Socrates:
The success of the struggle being in this way turned, the usurper 
threw himself at the emperor's feet, and begged that his life might 
be spared: but as he lay a prostrate suppliant at the feet [of the 
emperor] he was beheaded by the soldiers, on the 6th of September, in 
the third consulate of Arcadius, and the second of Honorius. 

Regnal Chronologies:
394...Flavius Arcadius (Imp. Orient. 395-408) [3] 
.........Flavius Honorius (Imp. Occid. 395-423) [2] 
  * Eugenius.......................................392-394

Conclusion:
OK

36. Reign of Theodosius

Socrates:
Having therefore proclaimed him emperor at Sirmium a city of 
Illyricum in the consulate of Ausonius and Olybrius, on the 16th of 
January, he divided with him the care of managing the war against the 
barbarians. 
<...>
Before dinner he was pretty well, and a spectator of the sports; but 
after he had dined he became suddenly too ill to return to them, and 
sent his son to preside in his stead; when the night came on he died, 
it being the seventeenth of January, during consulate of Olybrius and 
Probus. This was in the first year of the two hundred and ninety-
fourth Olympiad. The emperor Theodosius lived sixty years, and 
reigned !!!sixteen!!!. This book therefore comprehends the 
transactions of sixteen years and eight months.

Regnal Chronologies:
379...Decimus Magnus Ausonius 
.........Quintus Clodius Hermogenianus Olybrius 
395...Anicius Hermogenianus Olybrius 
.........Anicius Probinus 
  * Theodosius I (East)............................379-395

Calculation:
Ol 294.1 = 397/8; if January then 398.
16.Jan.379 till 17.Jan.398 = 19 years.
Valens died Ol 289.4 = 380/1; if August then 380. There are 17 years 
and 5 months in this book, if to count from the end of previous book.

Conclusion:
Conflict in consulates 379 (must be 381, see #25) and 395 (must be 
398). But don't shift it really, see #47.

37. Death of Nectarius of Constantinople

Socrates:
A short time after Nectarius also, bishop of Constantinople died, 
during the consulate of Caesarius and Atticus, on the 27th of 
September.
<...>
Accordingly John was invested with the episcopal dignity on the 26th 
of February, under the following consulate, which the Emperor 
Honorius celebrated with public games at Rome, and Eutychian, then 
Praetorian prefect, at Constantinople.

Regnal Chronologies:
397...Flavius Caesarius 
.........Nonius Atticus 
398...Flavius Honorius (Imp. Occid. 395-423) [4] 
.........Flavius Eutychianus 
  * St. Nectarius......................................381-397

Conclusion:
Shift to 400&401 for #36?

38. Consul Eutropius

Socrates:
For Eutropius was the chief eunuch of the imperial bed-chamber, and 
the first of all eunuchs that was admitted to the dignity of consul.
<...>
By the emperor's order however, for certain offences committed by 
him, Eutropius, though bearing the consulate, was decapitated, and 
his name effaced from the list of consuls, that of Theodore his 
colleague being alone suffered to remain as in office for that year. 
It is said that John afterwards used the same license towards Gainas 
also, who was then commander-in-chief of the army; treating him with 
characteristic rudeness, because he had presumed to request the 
emperor to assign the Arians, with whom he agreed in sentiment, one 
of the churches within the city.
<...>
Gainas having demanded that Saturninus and Aurelian, two of the most 
distinguished of the senatorial order, and men of consular dignity, 
whom he knew to be unfavorable to his pretensions, should be 
delivered up to him, the emperor most unwillingly yielded to the 
exigency of the crisis; and these two persons, prepared to die for 
the public good, nobly submitted themselves to the emperor's 
disposal.
<...>
The poet Ammonius has also very lately composed another description 
in verse of the same transactions, which he recited before the 
emperor in the sixteenth consulate of Theodosius the younger, which 
he bore with Faustus. 
This war was terminated under the consulate of Stilicho and Aurelian. 
The year following, the consulate was celebrated by Fravitus also a 
Goth by extraction, who was honored by the Romans, and showed great 
fidelity and attachment to them, rendering important services in this 
very war. For this reason he attained to the dignity of consul. In 
that year on the tenth of April there was born a son to the Emperor 
Arcadius, the good Theodosius. 

Idatius:
399 Manilio et Theodoro [Al. Manlio Theodoro] V. C.
400 Stilicone v. c. consule /IT'S STRANGE, SEE SOCRATES/

Regnal Chronologies:
399...Eutropius 
.........Mallius Theodorus 
......... [suff.] Gainas 
400...Flavius Stilicho [1] 
.........Aurelianus 
401...Flavius Vincentius 
.........Flavius Fravitta 
438...Flavius Theodosius II (Imp. Orient. 408-450) [16] 
.........Anicius Acilius Glabrio Faustus 

Conclusion:
Shift +3 years for #36?
Again that question about consul dignity, now of Saturninus (383?).

39. Second exile of St. John

Socrates:
Thus he was led into exile by force, and on the very day of his 
departure, some of the Johannites set fire to the church, which by 
means of a strong easterly wind, communicated with the senate-house. 
This conflagration happened on the 20th of June, under the sixth 
consulate of Honorius, which he bore in conjunction with 
Aristaenetus.
<...>
Furthermore as on the 30th of September, in the last-mentioned 
consulate, there was an extraordinary fall of hail of immense size at 
Constantinople and its suburbs, it also was declared to be an 
expression of Divine indignation on account of Chrysostom's unjust 
deposition: and the death of the empress tended to give increased 
credibility to these reports, for it took place four days after the 
hail-storm.
<...>
BUT Arsacius did not long survive his accession to the bishopric; for 
he died on the 11th of November under the following consulate, which 
was Stilicho's second, and the first of Anthemius. In consequence of 
the fact that the bishopric became desirable and many aspired to the 
vacant see, much time elapsed before the election of a successor: but 
at length in the following consulate, which was the sixth of 
Arcadius, and the first of Probus, a devout man named Atticus was 
promoted to the episcopate.
<...>
JOHN taken into exile died in Comana on the Euxine, on the, 14th of 
September, in the following consulate, which was the seventh of 
Honorius, and the second of Theodosius.

Idatius:
404 Honorio VI et Aristone [Al. Aristaeneto].

Regnal Chronologies:
404...Flavius Honorius (Imp. Occid. 395-423) [6] 
.........Aristagnetus 
405...Flavius Stilicho [2] 
.........Anthemius 
406...Flavius Arcadius (Imp. Orient. 395-408) [6] 
.........Anicius Petronius Probus 
407...Flavius Honorius (Imp. Occid. 395-423) [7] 
.........Flavius Theodosius II (Imp. Orient. 408-450) [2] 
  * St. John I Chrysostom..............................398-404 d. 407
  * St. Arsacius.......................................404-405
  * St. Atticus........................................406-425

Conclusion:
Aristagnetus is misprint. Must be Aristaenetus.
Empress Eudoxia, which died 404, isn't listed anywhere. There another 
Eudoxia exist: Eudoxia (Athenais) (fact. 428-441) [Erlikhman].

40. Reign of Theodosius II (died outside the margins of Socrates's 
work)

Socrates:
The year following, the consulate was celebrated by Fravitus also a 
Goth by extraction, who was honored by the Romans, and showed great 
fidelity and attachment to them, rendering important services in this 
very war. For this reason he attained to the dignity of consul. In 
that year on the tenth of April there was born a son to the Emperor 
Arcadius, the good Theodosius. 
<...>
AFTER the death of Arcadius on the first of May, during the consulate 
of Bassus and Philip, his brother Honorius still governed the Western 
parts of the empire; but the administration of the East devolved on 
his son Theodosius the Younger, then only !!!eight!!! years old.
<...>
Honorius had died on the 15th of August, in the consulate of 
Asclepiodotus and Marian.
<...>
When the Emperor Honorius died Theodosius -- now sole ruler -- having 
received the news concealed the truth as long as possible, misleading 
the people sometimes with one report, and then with another.

Regnal Chronologies:
401...Flavius Vincentius 
.........Flavius Fravitta 
408...Anicius Bassus 
.........Flavius Philippus 
423...Asclepiodotus 
.........Flavius Avitus Marinianus 
  * Theodosius II..................................408-450

Calculation:
10.Apr.401 till 1.May.408 = 7 years and some days.

Conclusion:
Conflict. If "eight" is true then there's one more shift in consuls 
list. Socrates is contemporary of birth and accession of Theodosius! 
Idatius is not contemporary!

41. Reign of Arcadius

Socrates:
the emperor proclaimed his son Arcadius Augustus, on the sixteenth of 
January, in the second consulate of Merobaudes and Saturnilus. Not 
long afterwards in the month of June, under the same consulate, the 
bishops of every sect arrived from all places
<...>
On the 1st of May, Arcadius died, leaving his son Theodosius only 
eight years old, under the consulate of Bassus and Philip, in the 
second year of the 297th Olympiad. He had reigned !!!thirteen!!! 
years with Theodosius his father, and !!!fourteen!!! years after his 
death, and had then attained the thirty-first year of his age. This 
book includes the space of twelve years and six months.  

Regnal Chronologies:
383...Flavius Merobaudes [2] 
.........Flavius Saturninus 
408...Anicius Bassus 
.........Flavius Philippus 
  * Arcadius.......................................395-408

Calculation:
Theodosius died Ol 294.1 = 397/8; if January then 398.
Ol 297.2 = 410/1; if May then 411.
Co-reign:
16.Jan.383 till 17.Jan.398 = 15 years (if 384 then 14 years).
Sole reign:
17.Jan.398 till 1.May.411 = 13 years, 3 months and a half.
the same in January years = 14 incl.
the same in March years = 15 incl. (Excl. end = 14)
the same in September years = 14 incl.

Conclusion:
Again 3-year shift.
If Socrates is right then only March years (excl. end, as everywhere) 
may be used for counting the duration of reigns.

42. Arian bishop Dorotheus and then St. Cyril

The Antiochian church, as we have stated, was divided into three 
parts: for the Arians had chosen Dorotheus as the successor of their 
bishop Euzoius; while one portion of the rest was under the 
government of Paulinus, and the others ranged themselves with 
Melitius, who had been recalled from exile Lucius, although absent, 
having been compelled to leave Alexandria, yet maintained the 
episcopal authority among the Arians of that city; the Homoousians 
there being headed by Timothy, who succeeded Peter. At Constantinople 
Demophilus the successor of Eudoxius presided over the Arian faction, 
and was in possession of the churches; but those who were averse to 
communion with him held their assemblies apart.
<...>
DOROTHEUS bishop of the Arians, who, as we have said /I CAN'T FIND 
WHERE/, was translated by that sect from Antioch to Constantinople, 
having attained the age of one hundred and nineteen years, died on 
the 6th of November, in the seventh consulate of Honorius, and the 
second of Theodosius Augustus. After him Barbas presided over the 
Arian sect
<...>
SHORTLY afterwards Theophilus bishop of Alexandria having fallen into 
a lethargic state, died on the 15th of October, in the ninth 
consulate of Honorius, and the fifth of Theodosius. A great contest 
immediately arose about the appointment of a successor, some seeking 
to place Timothy the archdeacon in the episcopal chair; and others 
desiring Cyril, who was a nephew of Theophilus. A tumult having 
arisen on this account among the people, Abundantius, the commander 
of the troops in Egypt, took sides with Timothy. [Yet the partisans 
of Cyril triumphed.] Whereupon on the third day after the death of 
Theophilus, Cyril came into possession of the episcopate, with 
greater power than Theophilus had ever exercised. For from that time 
the bishopric of Alexandria went beyond the limits of its sacerdotal 
functions, and assumed the administration of secular matters. Cyril 
immediately therefore shut up the churches of the Novatians at 
Alexandria, and took possession of all their consecrated vessels and 
ornaments; and then stripped their bishop Theopemptus of all that he 
had. 
<...>
This /murder of Hypatia by St. Cyril's desire/ happened in the month 
of March during Lent, in the fourth year of Cyril's episcopate, under 
the tenth consulate of Honorius, and the sixth of Theodosius. 
<...>
About the same time Barbas bishop of the Arians died, on the 24th of 
June, under the thirteenth consulate of Theodosius, and the third of 
Valentinian, and Sabbatius was constituted his successor.

Regnal Chronologies:
407...Flavius Honorius (Imp. Occid. 395-423) [7] 
.........Flavius Theodosius II (Imp. Orient. 408-450) [2] 
412...Flavius Honorius (Imp. Occid. 395-423) [9] 
.........Flavius Theodosius II (Imp. Orient. 408-450) [5] 
415...Flavius Honorius (Imp. Occid. 395-423) [10] 
.........Flavius Theodosius II (Imp. Orient. 408-450) [6] 
430...Flavius Theodosius II (Imp. Orient. 408-450) [13] 
.........Flavius Placidus Valentinianus III (Imp. Occid. 425-455) [3] 
  * Dorotheus I (successor to Euzoius).................376-380 d. ?

  * Theophilus I.......................................385-412
  * St. Cyril I........................................412-444

Conclusion:
d. 407 (in RC chronology, of course).
Barbas and Sabbatius are absent in RC.
Maybe Dorotheus needs listing with Constantinople bishops too?
Novatian bishops are absent in RC.

43. Chrysanthus bishop of the Novatians. Reunion of Arians

Socrates:
Sisinnius bishop of the Novatians dying under the same consulate 
/seventh consulate of Honorius, and the second of Theodosius 
Augustus/, Chrysanthus was ordained in his place
<...>
ABOUT this time Chrysanthus bishop of the Novatians, after presiding 
over the churches of his own sect !!!seven!!! years, died on the 26th 
of August, under the consulate of Monaxius and Plintha. He was 
succeeded in the bishopric by Paul
<...>
The Arians having continued thus divided among themselves during the 
space of thirty-five years, were reunited in the reign of Theodosius 
the Younger, under the consulate of Plintha the commander-in-chief of 
the army, he being a member of the sect of Psathyrians; these were 
prevailed on to desist from contention.

Idatius:
419 Monaxio et Plenta.

Regnal Chronologies:
407...Flavius Honorius (Imp. Occid. 395-423) [7] 
.........Flavius Theodosius II (Imp. Orient. 408-450) [2] 
419...Monoxius 
.........Plintas 

Conclusion:
Novatian bishops are absent in RC?
Name of Plintas/Plenta/Plintha needs check.
"Seven years"!?!?!

44. A Second Overthrow of the Persians by the Romans

Socrates:
Thus was that war concluded which had been undertaken on account of 
the suffering Christians in Persia, under the consulate of the two 
Augusti, being the thirteenth of Honorius, and the tenth of 
Theodosius, in the fourth year of the 300th Olympiad: and with it 
terminated the persecution which had been excited in Persia against 
the Christians. 

Regnal Chronologies:
422...Flavius Honorius (Imp. Occid. 395-423) [13] 
.........Flavius Theodosius II (Imp. Orient. 408-450) [10] 

Calculation:
Ol 300.4 = 424/5.

Conclusion:
If again 3-year shift, then this victory happened in first half of 
425.
If 2-year shift, then this victory happened in second half of 424.

45. Reign of Honorius

Socrates:
Then also the empress Flaccilla bore him a son named Honorius, on the 
9th of September, in the consulate of Richomelius and Clearchus.
<...>
He /THEODOSIUS/ accordingly assembled his military forces, and having 
proclaimed his son Honorius Augustus, on the 10th of January, in his 
own third consulate a which he bore with Abundantius, he again set 
out in great haste toward the Western parts, leaving both his sons 
invested with imperial authority at Constantinople.
<...>
At this point therefore, I shall relate, how a little after the war 
against the Persians, by placing his confidence in God he vanquished 
the usurper John, after Honorius had died on the 15th of August, in 
the consulate of Asclepiodotus and Marian.

Idatius:
423 Mariniano et Asclepiodoto.

Regnal Chronologies:
384...Flavius Ricomer 
.........Flavius Clearchus 
393...Flavius Theodosius I (Imp. 379-395) [3] 293; Theodosius 
prohibits the Olympic Games. 
.........Abundantius 
423...Asclepiodotus 
.........Flavius Avitus Marinianus 
  * Honorius.......................................395-423

Conclusion:
Conflict in RC: 393 vs 395.
For the order of events, there must be shift again.

46. Atticus and Sisinnius, bishops of Constantinople

Socrates:
but at length in the following consulate, which was the sixth of 
Arcadius, and the first of Probus, a devout man named Atticus was 
promoted to the episcopate.
<...>
he died on the 10th of October, in the 21st year of his episcopate, 
under the eleventh consulate of Theodosius, and the first of 
Valentinian Caesar. The Emperor Theodosius indeed, being then on his 
way from Thessalonica, did not reach Constantinople in time for his 
funeral, for Atticus had been consigned to the grave one day before 
the emperor's arrival. Not long afterwards, on the 23d of the same 
month, October, the young Valentinian was proclaimed Augustus. 
<...>
Sisinnius was ordained on the twenty-eighth day of February, under 
the following consulate, which was the twelfth of Theodosius, and the 
second of Valentinian.
<...>
Sisinnius having survived his appointment to the bishopric by barely 
two entire years, was removed by death on the 24th of December, in 
the consulate of Hierius and Ardaburius.

Regnal Chronologies:
406...Flavius Arcadius (Imp. Orient. 395-408) [6] 
.........Anicius Petronius Probus 
425...Flavius Theodosius II (Imp. Orient. 408-450) [11] 
.........Flavius Placidus Valentinianus III (Imp. Occid. 425-455) [1] 
426...Flavius Theodosius II (Imp. Orient. 408-450) [12] 
.........Flavius Placidus Valentinianus III (Imp. Occid. 425-455) [2] 
427...Hierus 
.........Ardaburius 
  * St. Atticus........................................406-425
  * St. Sisinnius I....................................426-427

  * Valentinian III................................425-455

Conclusion:
For the order of events, there must be shift again.

47. Nestorius, Maximian, and Proclus, bishops of Constantinople

Socrates:
After three months had elapsed therefore, Nestorius was brought from 
Antioch, being greatly lauded by some for his temperance: but what 
sort of a disposition he was of in other respects, those who 
possessed any discernment were able to perceive from his first 
sermon. Being ordained on the 10th of April, under the consulate of 
Felix and Taurus
<...>
for his deposition was not revoked, and he was banished to the Oasis, 
where he still remains. Such was the conclusion of this Synod. These 
things were done on the 28th of June, under the consulate of Bassus 
and Antiochus. John when he had returned to his bishopric, having 
convened several bishops, deposed Cyril, who had also returned to his 
see: but soon afterwards, having set aside their enmity and accepting 
each other as friends, they mutually reinstated each other in their 
episcopal chairs.
<...>
Maximian, having been ordained on the 25th of October, under the 
consulate of Bassus and Antiochus, the affairs of the church were 
reduced to a better ordered and more tranquil condition. 
<...>
Proclus succeeds Maximian Bishop of Constantinople. Maximian, having 
peacefully governed the church during two years and five months, died 
Ion the !!!12th of April!!!, in the consulate of !!!Areobindus and 
Aspar!!!. This happened to be on the fifth day of the week of fasts 
which immediately precedes Easter. The day of the week was 
!!!Thursday!!! /Russian text is: "w tak nazywaemyj piatok", piatok 
means not Thursday, but Friday!/.
<...>
Proclus the bishop brought back to the Church those who had separated 
themselves from it on account of Bishop John's deposition, he having 
soothed the irritation by a prudent expedient. What this was we must 
now recount. Having obtained the emperor's permission, he removed the 
body of John from Comana, where it was buried, to Constantinople, in 
the !!!thirty-fifth!!! year after his deposition. And when he had 
carried it in solemn procession through the city, he deposited it 
with much honor in the church termed The Apostles. By this means the 
admirers of that prelate were conciliated, and again associated in 
communion with the [Catholic] Church. This happened on the 27th of 
January, in the sixteenth consulate of the Emperor Theodosius.

Regnal Chronologies:
428...Flavius Felix 
.........Taurus 
431...Bassus 
.........Flavius Antiochus 
434...Ariovindus 
.........Aspar 
438...Flavius Theodosius II (Imp. Orient. 408-450) [16] 
.........Anicius Acilius Glabrio Faustus 
  * Nestorius..........................................428-432 d. 451
  * St. Maximianus.....................................431-434

Calculation:
404+35-1=438
12.Apr.434 (RC chronology) is Thursday. Full moon: 9 Apr 434.
12.Apr.435 (RC chronology +1) is Friday. Full moon: 28 Apr 435.
12.Apr.436 (RC chronology +2) is Sunday. Full moon: 17 Apr 436.
12.Apr.437 (RC chronology +3) is Monday. Full moon: 6 Apr 437.
Easter by modern rules (formula by Gauss):
434: 15.Apr
435: 31.Mar
436: 19.Apr
437: 11.Apr

Conclusion:
431 is misprint. Erlikhman writes 428-431.
No shift here, although it must be for order of events. Therefore #41 
can't be shifted.

48. Preservation of the Church of the Novatians from Fire

Socrates:
This occurred on the 17th of August, in the fourteenth consulate of 
Theorosius, which he bore together with Maximus. Since that time the 
Novatians annually celebrate the preservation of their church, on the 
17th of August, by special thanksgivings to God. 

Regnal Chronologies:
433...Flavius Theodosius II (Imp. Orient. 408-450) [14] 
.........Petronius Maximus [1] 

Conclusion:
OK

49. Marriage of the Emperor Valentinian with Eudoxia the Daughter of 
Theodosius. 

Socrates:
He had by the empress Eudocia, his wife, a daughter named Eudoxia. 
Her his cousin Valentinian, appointed by him emperor of the West, 
demanded for himself in marriage. When the emperor Theodosius had 
given his assent to this proposal, and they had consulted with each 
other as to the place on the frontiers of both empires, where it 
would be desirable that the marriage should be celebrated, it was 
decided that both parties should go to Thessalonica (which is about 
haft-way) for this purpose. But Valentinian sent a message to the 
effect that he would not give him the trouble of coming, for that he 
himself would go to Constantinople. Accordingly, having secured the 
Western parts with a sufficient guard, he proceeded thither on 
account of his nuptials, which were celebrated in the consulate of 
Isidore and Sinator

Regnal Chronologies:
436...Flavius Anthemius Isidorus 
.........Senator 

Conclusion:
OK

50. Death of Paul Bishop of the Novatians, and Election of Marcian as 
his Successor

Socrates:
A little while after the removal of John's body, Paul bishop of the 
Novatians died, on the 21st of July, under the same consulate 
/sixteenth consulate of the Emperor Theodosius/
<...>
and on the third day after his death, the paper having been unfolded 
in the presence of a great number of persons, Marcian's name was 
found within it, when they all cried out that he was worthy of the 
honor. Messengers were therefore sent off without delay to bring him 
to Constantinople. These, by a pious fraud, finding him residing at 
Tiberiopolis in Phrygia, brought him back with them; whereupon he was 
ordained and placed in the episcopal chair on the 21st of the same 
/WHICH THE SAME?/ month. 

Regnal Chronologies:
438...Flavius Theodosius II (Imp. Orient. 408-450) [16] 
.........Anicius Acilius Glabrio Faustus 

Conclusion:
OK

51. Thalassius is ordained Bishop of Caesarea in Cappadocia

Socrates:
About this same time, under the seventeenth consulate of Theodosius, 
Proclus the bishop undertook the performance of an act, such as no 
one among the ancients had done. Firmus bishop of Caesarea in 
Cappadocia being dead, the inhabitants of that place came to 
Constantinople to consult Proclus about the appointment of a bishop. 
While Proclus was considering whom he should prefer to that see, it 
so happened that all the senators came to the church to visit him on 
the sabbath day; among whom was Thalassius also, a man who had 
administered the government of the nations and cities of Illyricum. 
And as it was reported that the emperor was about to entrust the 
government of the Eastern parts to him, Proclus laid his hands on 
him, and ordained him bishop of Caesarea, instead of Praetorian 
Prefect. 
<...>
This last book contains an account of the transactions of !!!thirty-
two!!! years: and the whole history which is comprised in seven 
books, comprehends a period of !!!140 years!!!. It commences from the 
first year of the 271 Olympiad, in which Constantine was proclaimed 
emperor; and ends at the second year of the 305th Olympiad, in which 
the Emperor Theodosius bore his. seventeenth consulate.

Regnal Chronologies:
439...Flavius Theodosius II (Imp. Orient. 408-450) [17] 
.........Festus 

Calculation:
Ol 271.1 = 305/6.
Ol 305.2 = 442/3.
If we trust Olympiads: 442-305=138 years incl.!?!?!
If we trust consulates: 439-305=135 years incl.!?!?!?!?!?
Bassus&Philip (408 RC) till Theodosius [17] (439 RC) = 32 incl., as 
written.

Conclusion:
Again 3-year shift. Does Socrates use shifted Olympiads since 378? Or 
Olympiads can stretch or shrink!?!?!
I've found no father of Church except Socrates, who used Olympiads 
over than 250th. So I can't compare the dates of the last Olympiads 
to find, whether they were not-4-year periods (they must be sometimes 
shorter to fit the consuls list).
But if they were, then, I think, there must be error with another 
sign: not 138 instead of 140 (-2 years), but +2 years!?

* * *

Final conclusion:

Socrates Scholasticus writes that after the consulate of Sergius and
Nigrinian (350) was year "in which year no consul celebrated the 
customary
inaugural solemnities".
(Pseudo-)Idatius(http://hbar.phys.msu.ru/gorm/chrons/idatcons.htm) 
agrees:

"351 Post conss. Sergii et Nigriniani. His conss. bellum Magnentii 
fuit
Morsa die IV kal. Octob., et eo anno depositus Vetranio VIII kal. 
Januar.,
et levatus est Constantius Caesar idus Martias [Chr. Alex. idibus 
Martiis]:
et apparuit in Criente signum Salvatoris die III kal. Febr. luna 
XXVIII. "

Socrates Scholasticus requires 353 a.d. to be "the sixth consulate of
Constantius, and the second of Constantius Gallus". (Pseudo-)Idatius 
writes
the same:

"352 (Aer. Hisp. 390.) Constantio V et Constantio Caes.
353 Constantio VI et Constantio II. His conss. Magnentius se 
interfecit in
Galliis apud Lugdunum die III id. Aug., et Decentius frater Magnentii 
laqueo
se suspendit XV kal. Septemb. "

NB: 352 contains men strictly different from those who are in RC 
consuls
list!

Socrates also wants 354 to be 7th consulate of the emperor 
Constantius and
3rd of Constantius Gallus. (Pseudo-)Idatius writes the same:

"354 Constantio VII et Constantino [Al. Constantio Gallo] III. His 
conss.
occisus est Constantius Caesar in insula Flanona. "

Socrates wants 360 to be "the tenth consulate of Constantius, and the 
third
of Julian Caesar". (Pseudo-)Idatius agrees again:

"360 Constantino X et Juliano III. His conss. dedicatum est 
Constantinopoli
Dominicum die XV kal. Martias. "

So I can assert that, although Olympiad datings of Socrates are bad, 
his
consulates (except of that of St. Ambrose) are right.

* * *
There is error in Regal Chronologies consuls list:

351...(in Gallia) Magnus Magnentius (usurper 350-353)
.........Gaiso
352...Decentius
.........Paullus
353...Flavius Julius Constantius Junior (Imp. 324-361) [5] 283
.........Flavius Julius Constantius Gallus (Imp. 350-354) [3]
354...Flavius Julius Constantius Junior (Imp. 324-361) [6]
.........Flavius Julius Constantius Gallus (Imp. 350-354) [4]


See Chronographus Anni 354 (at www.tertullian.org):

351 post Sergio et Nigriniano Mar. XVIII
352 b. Constancio V et Constantio iun. Mer. XXVIII
353 Constancio VI et Constantio II Ven. X
354 Constancio VII et Constantio III Sat. XXII

See also Idatii Episcopi Descriptio Consulum:

351 Post conss. Sergii et Nigriniani. His conss. bellum Magnentii 
fuit Morsa
die IV kal. Octob., et eo anno depositus Vetranio VIII kal. Januar., 
et
levatus est Constantius Caesar idus Martias [Chr. Alex. idibus 
Martiis]: et
apparuit in Criente signum Salvatoris die III kal. Febr. luna XXVIII.
352 (Aer. Hisp. 390.) Constantio V et Constantio Caes.
353 Constantio VI et Constantio II. His conss. Magnentius se 
interfecit in
Galliis apud Lugdunum die III id. Aug., et Decentius frater Magnentii 
laqueo
se suspendit XV kal. Septemb.
354 Constantio VII et Constantino [Al. Constantio Gallo] III. His 
conss.
occisus est Constantius Caesar in insula Flanona.